2/2010 - Obsah čísla

Contribution of surface erosion to sediment transport in a small forested headwater catchment in the Sopron Hills
Péter Csáfordi, Péter Kalicz, Zoltán Gribovszki

Abstract
Surface erosion does not have generally great importance as sediment resource in forested catchments however land use changes can increase surface soil loss. Surface soil loss and erosion threatened zones have been predicted with the USLE model in the Farkas Creek, headwater catchment in the Sopron Hills between October 2008 and October 2009. Total surface erosion amounted 30.04 ton i.e. 0.54 ton ha-1 yr-1 proving the good soil protection function of the forest vegetation. In addition total sediment yield of the tributary has also been computed by bedload measurements and suspended sediment model for the latter interval. The stream of the Farkas Creek transported 95.68 ton sediment load according to the provisional estimations. With sediment delivery ratio reduced surface soil loss and total sediment yield have been compared to each other resulting that surface erosion was not the major sediment supply in the Farkas Creek during the study time period. Contribution of surface erosion to sediment transport was 16 % while a moving sediment trap had 17 % proportion during the same period according to previous examinations. It revealed that other erosion phenomenon support sediment load of the stream. Therefore channel erosion, mass erosion and linear erosion of unpaved forest roads should be monitored in the future which processes represent the most significant forms of the erosion in forested headwater catchments.

Keywords:
Erosion, sediment transport model, total sediment yield, USLE

original scientific work

Creation and analysis of a digital terrain model on the area of the Chřiby hills
Petr Douda, Jiří Schneider

Abstract
The Digital Terrain Model as a 3D representation of the ground surface enables to carry out a wide scale of geomorphometric analyses starting from the basic ones such as slope gradients and slope exposure, through flow accumulation, to the more complicated determination of watershed. These analyses help to describe natural conditions of a given location and set up for example terrain classification.

Key words Digital terrain model (DTM), low-pass filtration, sink, geomorphometric analyses

original scientific work

Potential usage of wood ash
Jiří Kadlec, Leona Šimková

Abstract
Wood ash is a secondary product of the biomass combustion and it has many favourable chemical and physical properties. The ash contains main nutrients such as calcium (Ca), potassium (K), phosphorus (P) as well as other trace elements showing markedly basic character. The amount of heavy metals in ash is the main limiting factor for its subsequent use. Thanks to its properties wood ash is considered to be a valuable soil supplement and potential compensation for lime and artificial fertilizers. Most of existing theoretically obtained findings frequently tested in practice come from countries with the high production of wood ash, particularly from Scandinavia and North America. Wood ash shows the high potential of application in forestry or in biomass plantations.

Keywords: wood ash, chemical properties, application, forestry, biomass plantations

original scientific work

Growth Dynamics of Willow (Salix alba L. (m), S-456) Plantation and its Development in Three Consecutive Vegetation Periods Depending on the Range of Application of Ameliorating Substances
Miroslav Kravka, Martin Kouba, Radek Dymák


Abstract
A plantation of fast-growing woody species for energy purposes (Salix alba L., male) was used as a sample plot with the objective to increase biomass production through application of ameliorating substances based on symbiotic ecto- and endomycorrhiza (isolates and spores) and slow-release fertilisers. The following three variants of treatment were established and assessed: a single dose of mycorrhiza mixture, a double dose of mycorrhiza mixture, and a combination of mycorrhiza and slow-release fertiliser. The variant combining mycorrhiza and natural fertiliser shows even after three vegetation periods the highest growth dynamics with the annual increment exceeding the control variant by 40-80%. The average annual increment compared to the control variant is 50-70% higher in case of pure double dose of mycorrhiza application and 20-30% higher in case of a single dose of mycorrhiza. The analyses related to the colonisation of the willow root system proved successful inoculation by ectomycorrhizal fungi Cenoccocum geophilum, Paxillus involutus and Laccaria proxima originating from the applied mycorrhiza mixture. 

Key words:
Plantation, biomass, Salix alba, growth dynamics, mycorrhiza, inoculation, fertilisation, organic fertilisers.

original scientific work

Management of city parks designed as suburban forests - example of the park in Veselí nad Moravou
Petr Kupec, Jan Škrdla, Jindřiška Hostýnková, Jan Deutscher

Abstract
The article describes present state of the part of the city park in Veselí nad Moravou, locally called Bažantnice and formulates its management plan proposal. Evaluation and description of present state of the Bažantnice area includes evaluation of trail and fencing and estimation of vegetation. The management measures are proposed on the basis of the current state in two levels; strategic and tactic level. Strategic level includes management decisions for the whole “rotation period” (physical maturity of the stand). Tactic level includes the practical measures for the next ten management years (decennium). The results are elaborated in ArcGIS software and are shown in a form that consists of maps, data tables and diagrams at the MS Excel program.

Keywords: city park; management plan; suburban forest; valuation of the state of the city park; Veselí nad Moravou

original scientific work

Example of water waves  impact on the bank slope
Božo Soldo, Matija Orešković, Aleksej Aniskin

Abstract
When the canal slopes are made of a natural material the water wavering cause their erosion. The formation of new slopes in a natural material, inter alia, depends on dimensional and geotechnical characteristics. The results shown in this paper can be useful when projecting and/or recovering banks’ slopes (for slopes that are in contact with water wavering)

Key words
Erosion, recovering, results, slope, stability, waves

original scientific work

An even-aged forest conversion to a selection forest in Klepačov, Training Forest Enterprise Křtiny
Jiří Šilhánek

Abstract
The paper evaluates the development of the number of trees, recruitment and species composition on eight partial control plots in Klepačov where the conversion of an even-aged forest managed under system involving coupes to a selection forest has been implemented within the framework of a long-term project. The assessment was based on measuring conducted in 1974, 1994 and 2004. The number of trees on the partial control plots in diameter classes 10-70+ decreased in the first inventory period as compared with both the model situation and the initial situation in 1974 due to increased felling volumes in that period. The felling and the subsequent opening of stands resulted in a rapidly developing regeneration, which was manifested in the number of trees in diameter classes 2 and 6, which increased above the values provided by the model curve for these diameter classes. In the second inventory period, tree numbers in diameter classes were 11% lower as compared with the model situation and slightly lower as compared with the initial situation. Moreover, results of the survey show that forest stands under the selection system of management are massively invaded by broadleaved species, namely beech, and there is the danger that broadleaves will dominate in the future. This is generally considered undesirable because the quality of broadleaved stems in stands under the selection system is low.

Keywords: conversion to selection forest, curve of diameter frequencies, recruits

original scientific work

The evaluation of human impact on landscape’s stability in Czech Republic
Adam Vokurka

Abstract
Due to novel state policy that was changed dramatically several years ago and because of changed view of men’s role within his environment, stability of landscape in Czech Republic has become one of the most highlighted and discussed issues among professionals recently. Currently, landscape ecologists try to find new methods to evaluate human impacts on environment. In addition, the focus is to sensitively and effectively use landscape without bringing devastating consequences. One evaluation method is presented.  

Keywords
Landscape stability, ecological stability, human activities, stability evaluation, landscape development

original scientific work